Depo Provera and Beyond

The aims of this study are to investigate the effects of different long-acting contraceptives on the female genital tract (i) microbiome, (ii) inflammatory profile, (iii) epithelial barrier integrity and (iv) HIV target cell recruitment and activation. Another aim is to investigate interactions between contraceptives and the microbiome and inflammation that impact HIV acquisition risk. This study includes clinical specimens and metadata that were collected in three randomised control trials: The Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) trial; the Sayana Press Extension trial; and the Lower Dose DMPA PK/PD study.

2018–2023

The ECHO clinical trial aimed to evaluate HIV incidence among women randomised to receive 3-monthly intramuscular doses of 150 mg of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), the copper intrauterine device or the levonorgestrel implant in South Africa, Kenya, Zambia and Swaziland. The Depo Provera and Beyond sub-study is analysing samples collected from 168 South African participants at baseline, and month 1 and month 3 following contraceptive initiation. We additionally aim to analyse samples collected at baseline from 177 women who subsequently acquired HIV and 708 controls who remained HIV-uninfected during the trial.
 
 Sayana Press Extension is a randomized trial to evaluate the contraceptive efficacy of Sayana Press (104 mg DMPA) injected every 4 months among women in the Dominican Republic, Chile and Brazil. Our sub-study is analysing samples collected from 23 participants in Brazil.
 
 Lower Dose DMPA PK/PD Study aimed to evaluate suppression of ovulation of MPA after a single subcutaneous injection of DMPA-SQ 105 mg, 104 mg, 75 mg or 45 mg in the Dominican Republic, Chile and Brazil. Our sub-study is analysing samples collected from 40 participants in Brazil and the Dominican Republic.